What is a Cat A, Cat B, Cat S or Cat N write-off?
There are four different categories for written-off cars. We explain them and consider the pros and cons of buying a write-off...
When you’re browsing used cars for sale online, you might come across some that are significantly cheaper than the rest, and they could have a ‘Cat N’ label next to their listing. Cat N is one of four write-off categories introduced in 2017 by the Association of British Insurers (ABI), which regulates the salvage code for car insurers. While your immediate reaction might be to steer well clear of these cars, you could be doing yourself out of a bargain.
When cars are involved in accidents, a significant number of them get written off by insurance companies, because repairing them would cost more than they are worth. The reasons for this are twofold: more expensive and sensitive technology is being fitted to cars, and garage overheads are rising due to high fuel prices and inflation. As a result, a minor shunt that would once have cost a few hundred quid to fix is now likely to total more than £1000, once the repair work and the recalibration of systems are factored in.
Some of those written-off cars get sent to the scrap yard, but others are still fit to be on the road and can be resold once they’ve been repaired. The four categories reflect the level of damage sustained by written-off vehicles, with Cat N denoting that a car has suffered only minor damage that doesn’t affect its overall safety or driving integrity.
It should be easy to identify a car that’s been written off as an uneconomic repair, because the Cat N label should be emblazoned across any advertisement from a reputable seller. If it’s not, a history check will provide you with this information.
The write-off categories in detail
What is a Cat N car?
This is one of two categories for cars that can be repaired and resold; the other is Cat S. The ‘N’ in the name stands for ‘non-structural’ and denotes that while these cars have been involved in an accident, they haven’t suffered damage to their structure. They might have sustained cosmetic damage to bumpers or other panels, or they might have mechanical or electrical problems that aren’t economically viable to repair.
Although the structural integrity of a Cat N car will still be intact, it might not be driveable, and some safety-critical parts, such as brakes, steering or suspension components, might need to be replaced. Although the Driver and Vehicle Licensing Agency (DVLA) must be informed that a car is a Cat N write-off, this information isn’t stated in the car’s logbook, so it’s important to get a history check to see if a car is listed as Cat N.
What is a Cat S car?
The ‘S’ in Cat S stands for ‘structural’, which means cars in this category have sustained damage to their structural frame, but they can still be repaired and resold.
A Cat S car could have a bent or twisted chassis, or a crumple zone that has collapsed in a crash, so it must be professionally repaired and inspected before being allowed back on the road. Insurers are legally bound to destroy the original logbook of a Cat S car, and the repairer or buyer of it must apply for a replacement document that will have ‘Cat S’ stated on it.
What is a Cat B car?
This designation stands for ‘break’ and means that, although these cars have suffered extensive damage and are beyond repair, they contain some parts that can be removed and recycled. Once any salvageable parts have been removed, the bodyshell must be crushed, though.
What is a Cat A car?
This category is reserved for the most badly damaged cars that must be crushed and never used on the road again. No parts from them can be reused, either. Even salvageable parts must be destroyed.
How to approach buying a write-off
If you’re thinking of buying a write-off, follow these steps to stay safe and avoid ending up out of pocket:
1. Pay for a history check
If a seller is trying to make money by advertising a repaired write-off without disclosing the fact, this will show up in a history check. As well as confirming whether a car has previously been written off, some checks will provide you with details and photos of the damage the car sustained, helping you to judge whether or not you should buy it.
As with any used car, a history check will also tell you whether the vehicle has been stolen or is subject to any outstanding finance .
2. Get an inspection
This will cost you upwards of £200, but it’s well worth the cost. An inspector knows what to check and could find accident damage that you haven’t spotted. The AA, RAC, Dekra and Autolign all offer inspection services that could save you from buying a potentially unsafe car.
3. Ask lots of questions
The insurer doesn’t have to release any information about how a car became a write-off, but some well-targeted questions to the seller can help you uncover what happened. The seller should be able to tell you what damage the car sustained, what parts were replaced and where the repairs were carried out.
4. Tell your insurance company
Make sure you inform your insurance company that the car is a Cat N. It will probably have to be noted on your policy, otherwise you risk having any claim turned down in the future.
5. Investigate a warranty
Some used warranty suppliers will provide cover for Cat N cars. It could be a surprisingly cost-effective way of giving yourself some peace of mind about your new purchase and any repairs that have been done to it.
What Car? consumer editor, Claire Evans, says: "If you’re looking for a used car and see one that’s a Cat N write-off, don’t discount it immediately. If you can get a history check and detailed information about why it was written off, and you’re satisfied it has been professionally repaired, it’s worth considering.
"That said, it needs to be cheap enough to offset any hike in insurance costs you might incur, so you will need to weigh up all these factors before deciding if you want to go ahead and buy one."
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FAQs
It is OK to buy a car that has been classed as a Cat N write-off because it will only have suffered non-structural damage that won't affect its safety or the way it drives. Although the car's logbook won't state that it's a Cat N, this information should be displayed on any advert for the car. If a car is significantly cheaper than others that are similar, it may be a Cat N, so it's worth paying for a history check to find out this and other important information. A history check should provide you with details of the damage the car sustained when it was written off, and you can use this when you're looking at the car to check that it has been repaired properly.
It may be more expensive to insure a Cat N car than one that hasn't been written off, so it's worth checking the cost of insurance before you decide to buy a Cat N vehicle. It's also important that you tell your insurer up front if your car is a Cat N because it could invalidate your cover if you have an accident and haven't disclosed this information.
Yes, you are legally bound to state that a car is a Cat N when selling it; not doing so is a criminal offence. If you sell a Cat N car without disclosing the information about its write-off category you will have mis-sold the car, and if you overcharged the buyer they may be able to take you to court to get some money back. The easiest way to let potential buyers know a car you're selling is a Cat N is to state this clearly in the advert. If you have information about the damage the car sustained and how it has been repaired, this will help potential buyers have more confidence in it.
